Temporary phone number
A number used for a short period, from minutes for a single verification to weeks for a rental, then returned to the provider's pool.
A temporary number is defined by how long you hold it rather than by the technology behind it. In SMS verification the common form is a number allocated for one activation window of a few minutes. Rentals extend that to days or weeks for accounts that need repeated codes.
The practical rule is to use a temporary number for the one-time gate, then move the account's long-term security to email plus an authenticator app.
Minutes, days or weeks
A single activation covers one code and costs the least. A longer rental keeps the same number reachable for repeat logins, which matters for an account that asks for a code on every sign-in.
Pick by how the account behaves rather than by price. An app that verifies once at sign-up needs the short form, and one that texts a code at every login needs either the long form or a second factor that does not use SMS. Current prices for both are on the pricing page.
What happens when you let it go
The number goes back to the provider's pool, rests, and is later allocated to someone else for a different service. Any account still pointing at it for recovery becomes unreachable at that moment.
That is the one risk worth planning around, and it is entirely avoidable by adding an email and an authenticator app the same day. What happens to a rented number follows the full lifecycle.
The question worth asking before renting
Will this account ever need another code? A service that verifies once at sign-up is finished with the number that day. A service that texts a code at every login will need one every time you return.
Answer it before buying rather than after. The second case needs either a longer rental or a second factor that does not use SMS, and setting that up on day one costs nothing.